Curative effect of capreomycin in adjuvant treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and its effect on quality of life and immune function / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of capreomycin adjuvant therapy for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and its effect on quality of life and immune function. Methods Eighty-eight elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group (n=44) used 4-6Am-Mfx（Lfx）-Pto-Cfz-Z-Hhigh-dose-E/5 Mfx（Lfx）-Cfz-Z-E, the research group (n=44) used capreomycin on the basis of the control group. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) measured value/predicted value and quality of life [36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36)] scores, safety evaluation results, chest CT cavity and lesion absorption rate and sputum culture turned negative were compared between the two groups, and the serum procalcitonin (PCT) expression levels and immune function were detected before and after treatment. Results The 6MWT measured value/predicted value of the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.48±0.11) and (0.64±0.13), which were significantly higher than corresponding (0.51±0.12) and (0.58±0.14) after treatment (t=6.23, 2.520, P<0.05), the measured/expected value of 6MWT increased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, the SF-36 scores for each dimension increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01). The expression levels of serum PCT in the research group and control group before the treatment were (0.37±0.09) ng/mL and (0.12±0.03) ng/mL versus (0.36±0.11) ng/mL and (0.21±0.06) ng/mL after treatment (t=17.480, 7.940, P<0.01). Compared with the same group before treatment, serum PCT expression levels decreased in both groups after treatment. Compared with the same group before treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were elevated in both groups after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01); after treatment, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in research group compared to the control group (t=4.21, 8.02, 2.04, P<0.05). The absorption rate of chest CT cavity and lesions and negative rate of sputum culture in the research group were 88.64% (39/44) and 81.82% (36/44), which were significantly higher than corresponding 63.64% (28/44) and 61.36% (27/44) in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions　Capreomycin can improve the quality of life of MDR-TB patients, extend the 6-minute walking distance, and regulate serum PCT expression levels and immune function, to promote the absorption of chest CT cavity and lesions, and sputum culture to turn negative, and the security is acceptable.

Personal audio device use and hearing impairment among high school students in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the use of personal audio devices and hearing impairment among high school students, so as to provide reference for the development of adolescent hearing health work.@*Methods@#The simple random sampling method was used to collect research data relating to 1 768 high school students. The situation of personal audio players, headphone and hearing damage were investigated by using a self designed questionnaire, so as to identify the related factors of hearing impairment which were analyzed statistically by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The use rate of PAP and earphones was 98.64% and 94.12 %, respectively, and the use rate of female students(99.68%, 96.42%) was higher than that of male students(97.43%, 91.43 %)( χ 2=16.69, 19.79, P <0.01). Hearing impairment accounted for 13.35%. The Logistic regression analysis showed that PAP service years ( OR =1.59, P <0.05) were related to hearing impairment. Gender ( OR =0.60), in ear earphones ( OR =1.38), earplug earphones ( OR =1.37), and quiet use >1 h ( OR =1.50) were independently influenced with symptoms of hearing impairment during/after earphone use( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#High usage rates of personal audio equipment among high school students lead to hearing impairment and related symptoms. Non essential use should be reduced.

Microbial remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils and its mechanisms: a review / 生物工程学报

Excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil exert serious negative impacts on soil ecosystems. Microorganisms are a common component of soil and show great potential for mitigating soil Cd. This review summarizes the application and remediation mechanisms of microorganisms, microbial-plants, and microbial-biochar in Cd-contaminated soil. Microorganisms such as Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can change the biological validity of Cd through adsorption, mineralization, precipitation and dissolution. Different factors such as pH, temperature, biomass, concentration, and duration have significant effects on Cd bioavailability by microorganisms. Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Flavobacterium can promote the uptake of Cd2+ by hyperaccumulator through promotion and activation. Biochar, a soil amendment, possesses unique physicochemical properties and could act as a shelter for microorganisms in agriculture. The use of combined microbial-biochar can further stabilize Cd compared to using biochar alone.

Correlation between CT attenuation value of renal papilla and the occurrence and development of renal calculi / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the correlation between CT attenuation value of renal papilla and occurrence and development of renal calculi. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 100 patients with calcium oxalate stones treated during Aug.2020 and Jul.2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 60 with primary stones, and 40 with recurrent stones. The 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group. CT attenuation value of renal papilla was measured with plain scan CT, and risk factors were identified with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation of CT attenuation value and 24 h urine metabolism was analyzed. 【Results】 The CT attenuation value of renal papilla was significantly higher in the primary group [34.92 (IQR: 3.84)] and recurrent group [43.00 (IQR: 8.74)] than in the control group [32.58 (IQR: 5.21)] (P<0.05). Compared with the primary group, the recurrent group had decreased citric acid level but increased calcium level in 24 h urine (P<0.05). The citrate ion and calcium ion were correlated with the CT attenuation value (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Patients with high renal papilla density have a high risk of stone formation and recurrence. Increased renal papilla density is a warning signal for the development of stones. The high calcium and low citric acid in 24 h urine have certain effects on the occurrence and development of urolithiasis. Intake of calcium should be limited and citric acid should be supplemented in patients with calcium oxalate stones.

Establishment of an intervention model for adolescent obesity based on component isochronous substitution method / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between isochronous substitution and BMI, waist circumference (WC), and body fat rate (FAT) among physical activity (PA), sedentary (SB), and sleep (SLP), so as to provide effective measures for obesity control in adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 193 adolescents aged 12-15 (90 males and 103 females) was randomly selected, and their height, weight, and BMI were measured using routine testing methods from May to August 2022. The PA, SB and SLP of the participants were measured using a 3D accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+).@*Results@#The arithmetic mean value overestimated SLP (40.8%) and SB (39.6%) to some extent, and underestimated LPA (16.1%) and MVPA (3.5%) to some extent. Based on the ISM at 15 min, MVPA was substituted for other activity, BMI Z decreased by 0.17-0.22 units, WC Z decreased by 0.16-0.20 units, and FAT Z decreased by 0.17-0.22 units. The substitution between MVPA and for other activity exhibited significant asymmetry. The effects of MVPA substitutions for SB was the largest, followed by the effects of MVPA substitutions for SLP, and the effects of MVPA substitutions for LPA was the lowest. As MVPA substitutions for other behaviors, it reached its maximum (0.06-0.08 units ) when the MVPA time increased by 5 minutes.@*Conclusions@#MVPA plays an irreplaceable role in the control of adolescent obesity . While reducing SB time, MVPA duration should be increased to ensure that the daily MVPA duration is not less than 55 minutes in order to effectively control obesity.

Risk factors for postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo classification≥gradeⅡ after lung cancer surgery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the risk factors for postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo classification≥grade Ⅱ after lung cancer surgery. Methods     The patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in a multicenter observational study from November 2017 to January 2020 were included. The Clavien-Dindo classification of postoperative complications was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for complications≥ gradeⅡ. Results     A total of 388 patients were enrolled, including 203 males and 185 females with a mean age of 56.14±10.36 years. The incidence of postoperative complications was 25.52% (99/388) after lung cancer surgery and the incidence of complications≥gradeⅡ was 20.10% (78/388). The five most common postoperative complications were pneumonia (6.96%), prolonged pulmonary air leak (>7 days, 5.67%), incision dehiscence (4.64%), arrhythmia (3.87%), and postoperative pleural effusion (3.35%). Multivariate analysis showed that open surgery [reference: uniportal thoracoscopic surgery, OR=2.18, 95%CI (1.01, 4.70), P=0.047], extended resection [reference: sublobar resection, OR=2.86, 95%CI (1.11, 7.19), P=0.030; reference: lobectomy, OR=2.20, 95%CI (1.10, 4.40), P=0.026] and operative time≥3 h [OR=2.07, 95%CI (1.12, 3.85), P=0.021] were independent risk factors for postoperative complications≥gradeⅡ after lung cancer surgery. Conclusion     Surgical approach, extent of resection and operative time are independent influencing factors for postoperative complications≥gradeⅡ after lung cancer surgery.

Alleviating Japanese encephalitis virus infection with multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the effects of sunitinib on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in vitro and vivo. Methods　The 4-week-old BALB/c mice infected with JEV by intraperitoneal injection. The infected mice were treated with sunitinib for 5 days and 10 days respectively. After that, the change of weight and survival rate were evaluated continuously. The viral load variation in mice brain were detected by qRT-PCR. Indirect immunohistochemical staining assay (IFA) was used to detect the number and distribution of CD4+/CD8+T cells in mouse brain. IFA was also used to observe the expression of virus E protein in the brain of mice. Vero cells were infected with JEV in vitro and given a certain concentration of sunitinib to observe the cell survival status. The expression of virus E protein in cells was detected by IFA. Results　Continuous administration of sunitinib significantly improved the survival rate of infected mice. Survival rate and body weight changes showed that the 5-day's administration strategy was significantly better than the 10-day's administration strategy. The treatment of sunitinib decreased the infiltration of CD4+/CD8+T cells in the brain and reduced the changes of vascular sleeve. However, the variation of viral load and E protein expression in brain were not obvious. The cytopathic effect (CPE) of infected Vero cells were slightly relieved after giving sunitinib, and the expression of E protein was also slightly changed. Conclusion　Sunitinib can significantly reduce the mortality of infected mice, and the 5-day's administration strategy is significantly better than the 10-day's administration strategy. Sunitinib decrease T lymphocyte infiltration in brain of mice, relieve the encephalitis symptoms ,and prolonged the life of mice.

Preliminary study on the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of a novel fully human anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody in vitro / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: The co-culture model of LAG3+Jurkat cells and tumor cells was constructed to investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of a novel fully human anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody in vitro. Methods: Jurkat cells were stimulated with PHA to simulate TIL, and the secretion of IL-2 was detected by ELISA to evaluate the degree of Jurkat cell activation. Meanwhile, FCM, Immunofluorescence and WB assays were employed to detect the expression of LAG3 in activated Jurkat cells and MHC classⅡmolecule（MHC-Ⅱ）, a LAG3 ligand, in HGC-27, MGC-803 and A549 tumor cells. The co-culture model of activated LAG3+Jurkat cells and tumor cells was constructed, and CCK-8 assays were employed to detect the killing efficiency of LAG3+Jurkat cells against tumor cells at different effector-target ratios and the effect of the anti-LAG3 antibody . The secretion levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α in supernatant of co-culture system were detected by ELISA. Results: After 48 h treatment, 2 μg/mL PHA exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity to Jurkat cells (P>0.05), but could significantly induce IL-2 secretion (P<0.01) and LAG3 expression (P<0.01), indicating activated LAG3+Jurkat cells were acquired. MGC-803 and A549 cells significantly expressed MHC-Ⅱ (P<0.01), but HGC-27 cells did not express MHC-Ⅱ (P>0.05). The co-culture model of LAG3+Jurkat cells and tumor cells was constructed at a effector-target ratio of 10∶1. The anti-LAG3 antibody could effectively enhance the killing efficiency of Jurkat cells against MHC-Ⅱ+ tumor cells (P<0.05). Further analysis revealed that the secretion levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α were increased in the co-culture supernatant of MHC-Ⅱ+ target cell group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: A co-culture model of LAG3+Jurkat cells and tumor cells was successfully constructed in vitro. The anti-LAG3 antibody might increase the killing effect of Jurkat cells against MGC-803 and A549 tumor cells through blocking LAG3/MHC-Ⅱ interaction, which may be related to the increased secretion levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α in the supernatant of co-culture system.

Association between sarcopenia and post-stroke cognitive impairment in elderly patients with first-time acute minor ischemic stroke / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)in elderly patients with first-time acute minor ischemic stroke.Methods:This was a prospective study.Elderly patients over 60 years of age with first-time acute minor ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command from October 2018 to June 2019 were continuously enrolled.Patients received the SARC-F score assessment within 24h after admission and were divided into two groups according to their SARC-F scores: the non-sarcopenia group(SARC-F score<4)and the sarcopenia group(SARC-F score≥4). Cognitive function was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)within 24 h of admission and at 3-month follow-up.Results:A total of 211 patients were enrolled in this study, including 31 patients(31/211, 14.69%)in the sarcopenia group and 180 patients(180/211, 85.31%)in the non-sarcopenia group.The incidence of PSCI was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group(83.87% or 26/31 vs.55.56% or 100/180, χ2=8.814, P=0.003). The total MMSE score, orientation, immediate memory, attention, calculation and language functions were lower in the sarcopenia group compared with non-sarcopenia group( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for PSCI( OR=3.478, 95% CI: 1.039-11.642, P=0.043)in the elderly with first-time acute minor ischemic stroke. Conclusions:Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for PSCI in elderly patients with first-time acute minor ischemic stroke.Sarcopenia assessment in the acute phase of stroke might help doctors to assess the risk of PSCI and reduce the incidence of PSCI in stroke patients.

Effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive function and intestinal mucosal barrier in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between cognitive impairment and intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH), and to quantitatively analyze the changes in cognitive behavior of experimental rats caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, as well as the expression changes of the intestinal mucosal barrier claudin-1 and osteopontin.Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into CCH group ( n=15) and sham operation (SHAM) control group ( n=15). The CCH model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries.Rats in the SHAM group only separated the common carotid artery without ligation.Four weeks later, open field experiment, object discrimination experiment, and Morris water maze experiment were used to detect the emotional arousal ability, the ability to explore new things, and the ability of spatial learning and memory in rats.HE staining and immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to detect the damage of rat ileum tissue.Western blot was used to detect OPN expression, and ELISA was used to detect serum OPN.SPSS 23.0 and GraphPad 8.0 statistical softwares were used to process the data, and the t-test and repeated measures one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Results:In the open field test, compared with the SHAM group ((28.70±10.70)times, (1 030.45±81.51)cm), the number of standing and total exercise distance of rats in the CCH group ((16.70±7.13)times, (736.64±136.71)cm) were decreased( t=1.59, 4.16, both P<0.05). In the object discrimination experiment, the discrimination index of rats in the CCH group (0.44±0.26) was lower than that of the SHAM group (0.91±0.07, t=-7.76, P<0.05). Morris water maze positioning navigation experiment showed that the group main effect and time main effect were both significant( F=383.36, 153.87, P<0.05). Simple effect analysis showed that, compared with the SHAM group, the escape latency and total swimming distance of rats in CCH group increased( P<0.05). Space exploration experiment showed that, compared with SHAM group ((7.20±1.81)times, (9.96±2.95)s), the number of crossings of rats in CCH group ((3.00±0.82)times) decreased, and the incubation period ((29.70±6.28)s) was prolonged( t=4.65, 7.04, both P<0.05). The intestinal mucosal pathology score of SHAM group ((1.98±0.34)points) was lower than that of the CCH group ((4.52±0.27)points), and the difference was significant( t=18.53, P<0.01). Immunofluorescence experiment showed that, compared with SHAM group (125 028.58±33 077.39), the cumulative optical density of claudin-1 between the intestinal epithelial cells of the CCH group(47 154.50±7 507.29) decreased( t=16.10, P<0.01). Western blot experiment showed that, compared with the SHAM group (0.38±0.11), the expression of OPN in the intestines of the CCH group (1.20±0.95) increased( P<0.05). ELISA experiment showed that, compared with the SHAM group ((3.42±0.66)μg/L), the serum OPN content of the CCH group ((14.92±1.45)μg/L) significantly increased( P<0.05). The degree of cognitive impairment was negatively correlated with intestinal mucosal epithelial claudin-1 expression and serum OPN content( P<0.01). Intestinal mucosal epithelial claudin-1 expression was negatively correlated with serum OPN content ( r=-0.952, P<0.01). Conclusion:CCH may cause obvious cognitive impairment in rats and the destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier.Serum OPN may be a potential serological marker of CCH-induced cognitive impairment and intestinal mucosal barrier destruction in rats.

Efficacy evaluation of intravitreal injection of rAAV2- ND4 gene for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical effect of gene therapy for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).Methods:A multi-center prospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted.Eighty eyes of 40 LHON patients with mitochondrial DNA 11778 mutation were enrolled in Taihe Hospital from December 2017 to February 2018.Intravitreal injection of recombinant adeno associated virus 2-NADH dehydrogenase 4 (rAAV2- ND4) was carried out in the unilateral eye with worse visual acuity or the right eye (if the visual acuity of both eyes was equal) of each subject as the treated group and the fellow eyes as the untreated group.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was detected using a standard logarithmic chart and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a non-contact tonometer before treatment and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after treatment.The manifestations of the ocular anterior segment and fundus were examined by slit lamp microscopy and color photography.The changes of visual acuity and IOP before and after gene therapy were compared, and complications were evaluated between the treated group and the untreated group.The effective rate defined as visual acuity improved ≥0.3 LogMAR at the end of follow-up was assessed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Taihe Hospital (No.201807). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination and treatment. Results:The visual acuity improved 6 eyes in the treated group and 4 eyes in the untreated group, and 13 patients showed bilateral improvement.The visual acuity improvement ≥0.3 LogMAR in 23 patients with the effective rate 57.5%.The BCVA was (1.51±0.62) LogMAR and (1.62±0.58) LogMAR at the end of following-up in the untreated group and treated group, respectively, which were significantly higher than (1.75±0.46) LogMAR and (1.83±0.47) LogMAR before treatment (both at P<0.01), and no significant difference was found in BCVA between the two groups ( Fgroup=0.084, P=0.772). There was no significant difference in IOP between the two groups before and after treatment ( Fgroup=0.557, P=0.575; Ftime=2.314, P=0.106). No serious complications were found in all subjects during following-up. Conclusions:rAAV2- ND4 gene therapy is safe and effective for LHON, and binocular vision can be improved by monocular intravitreal injection of rAAV2- ND4 gene.

Research progress of sports APP on exercise habits in college students / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Nowadays, sports APPs are gradually diversifying based on the rapid development of the Internet and artificial intelligence. Various sports apps are active in the public s field of vision. This article reviewed the research progress of college students used of sports APP on their training habits. The result found that proper use of sports APP could promote college students sports behavior and sports habits. The use of such apps could help college students improve their body shape physical function, but it was difficult to maintain the effect after the end of the athletic behavior. It is recommended that schools use APPs to form teacher and student sports communication communities and conduct different types of sports challenges. At the same time, the government enacts college and personal reward systems to encourage sport participation among students, thereby increasing the intention to continue using sports APPs. More longitudinal follow up researches are expected to evaluate effectiveness of different sports APPs on sport habit formulation.

Risk factors for preterm birth: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the incidence of preterm birth and risk factors for preterm birth.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was performed for the pregnant women in early pregnancy and their spouses, who underwent prenatal examination for the first time in Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from May 2014 to December 2016 and decided to be hospitalized for delivery. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect exposure information possibly related to preterm birth. The hospital's medical record system was used for information verification and to record the pregnancy outcome. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for preterm birth.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 764 pregnant women with complete data were included, and the incidence rate of preterm birth was 17.09%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, eating areca nut before pregnancy, a history of pregnancy complications, a history of hepatitis, no folate supplementation during pregnancy, medication during pregnancy, active smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy, drinking during pregnancy, unbalanced diet during pregnancy, high-intensity physical activity during pregnancy, and natural conception after treatment of infertility or assisted conception as the way of conception were risk factors for preterm birth (@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are many risk factors for preterm birth. Special attention should be paid to the life behaviors of pregnant women during pregnancy, and health education should be strengthened for pregnant women and their spouses to develop good living habits and reduce the incidence of preterm births.

Thawing rate predicts acute pulmonary vein isolation after second-generation cryoballoon ablation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether thawing rate could be a novel predictor of acute pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and explore the predictive value of thawing rate as a factor ensuring long-term PVI (vagus reflex). METHODS: A total of 151 patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled in this retrospective study between January 2017 and June 2018. The thawing rate was calculated using the thawing phase of the cryoablation curve. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the thawing rate for acute PVI and vagus reflex. RESULTS: ROC curve analyses revealed that the interval thawing rate at 15°C (ITR15) was the most valuable predictor of PVI, with the highest area under curve (AUC) value of the ROC curve. The best cut-off value of ITR15 for PVI was ≤2.14°C/S and its sensitivity and specificity were 88.62% and 67.18%, respectively. In addition, the ITR15 of the successful PVI group after cryoballoon ablation was significantly slower than the failed PVI group. ITR15 was a predictor of vagus reflex and the occurrence of vagus reflex group had a slower ITR15 compared to the non-occurrence group. CONCLUSIONS: Thawing rate was a novel predictor of acute PVI and the ITR15 was the most valuable predictor of acute PVI. In addition, ITR15 was a predictive factor ensuring long-term PVI (vagus reflex). Our study showed that thawing rate may serve in the early identification of useless cryoballoon ablation.

Several suggestions on the classification management process and countermeasures of pulmonary surgery during the COVID-19 / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID 19), the epidemic has spread rapidly, which brings great challenge to the surgical diagnosis, treatment and management of lung neoplasm Sichuan International Medical Exchange &Promotion Association organized thoracic surgery experts to sum up experiences from experts in major hospital, and formulated the Guidance suggestion on surgical diagnosis, treatment and management of lung neoplasm during the outbreak of COVID-19 to provide references for thoracic surgeons.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - Second Edition

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale - Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II). Method: A total of 86 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ranging in age from 15 to 78 years, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Y-BOCS-II by a trained clinician who also rated overall illness severity on two additional measures. Patients completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: Results indicated high internal consistency and fair 1-week test retest reliability. The Y-BOCS-II scales correlated strongly with clinician-rated obsessive-compulsive severity and modestly with self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptom frequency and distress. The relationship between Y-BOCS-II total score and depressive and anxiety symptoms was strong, which may reflect high rates of comorbid conditions in this sample or the linkage between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and distress. Factor analysis demonstrated a two-factor structure consisting of obsession and compulsion factors, with interference due to obsessions cross-loading. Conclusions: Overall, these results support the use of the Y-BOCS-II among individuals from China. Future study by an independent group is necessary to replicate these findings, as well as investigate interrater reliability and treatment sensitivity.

Risk factors of congenital malformations and its impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort study / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore risk factors of congenital malformations (CMs) and to evaluate its impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who received the first antenatal care from March 2013 to February 2016 in the reproductive center, obstetrics clinics, infertility clinics and ultrasound department of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Corresponding information from pregnant women and their spouses were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen possible risk factors of CMs and evaluate the impacts of CMs on other APOs. Results The study showed that women had history of non-standard BMI, smoking, hepatitis, pregnancy-related complications, gestational diabetes mellitus, infertility and using assisted reproductive technology before pregnancy; had no folic acid taking, active and passive smoking, drinking, uneven diet, high intensity physical activity during pregnancy increased the risk of CMs in offspring. Furthermore, the history of spouse smoking and eating betel nut also increased the risk of CMs in offspring. CMs might increase the risk of preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Conclusions There are many risk factors of CMs. Knowing these risk factors, and giving them optimal prevention strategies and effective intervention measures are important measures in preventing the occurrence of CMs and other APOs.

A Meta analysis of risk factors for asthma in Chinese children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the main risk factors for asthma in Chinese children, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for studies on risk factors for asthma in Chinese children published up to September 2017. Stata 12.0 was used for the Meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 24 case-control studies were included, with 5 309 cases in the case group and 6 404 cases in the control group. The Meta analysis showed that a family history of asthma (OR=5.246, 95%CI: 3.435-8.011), a family history of allergy (OR=4.627, 95%CI: 2.450-8.738), atopic constitution (OR=4.659, 95%CI: 2.511-8.644), allergic rhinitis (OR=11.510, 95%CI: 6.769-19.574), a history of eczema/dermatitis (OR=4.919, 95%CI: 3.514-6.886), a history of allergies (OR=4.732, 95%CI: 2.802-7.989), a history of food allergies (OR=5.890, 95%CI: 3.412-10.166), a history of drug allergies (OR=4.664, 95%CI: 2.637-8.252), mold contamination at home (OR=2.483, 95%CI: 1.671-3.690), flowers at home (OR=1.748, 95%CI: 1.383-2.209), a history of house decoration (OR=2.823, 95%CI: 2.206-3.935), and cesarean section (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.166-3.077) were risk factors for asthma in children, while breastfeeding was a protective factor against asthma (OR=0.508, 95%CI: 0.396-0.653).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The development of asthma in Chinese children is associated with a variety of factors, among which a family history of asthma, a family history of allergy, atopic constitution, a history of allergies, allergic comorbidities, cesarean section, and bad family environment can increase the risk of asthma in children, while breastfeeding can reduce the risk.</p>

Quorum sensing LuxS/autoinducer-2 inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation ability

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relation between biofilm formation ability and quorum sensing gene LuxS/AI-2. Materials and Methods: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) standard strain ATCC 29212 was used in the study. Long flanking homology polymerase chain reaction method was used to build the LuxS gene knockout strain. Sequential culture turbidity measurement and CFU counting were used to assess the proliferation ability of E. faecalis after the depletion of LuxS. 96-well plate assay was used to quantify the biofilm formation ability; CLSM was used to observe the attached bacteria areas, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe biofilm microstructure conditions. Results: LuxS gene knockout strains were successfully constructed and identified. The results showed that proliferation ability of E. faecalis was not affected by the depletion of the luxS gene, and the biofilm formation ability of ΔLuxS 29212 significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Collectively, our studies provide the LuxS gene's key role in controlling biofilm formation of E. faecalis, which presented a negative regulation, and furthermore, providing us a possible way to conquer the persistent apical periodontitis.

Effects of periarticular injection on analgesic effects and NSAID use in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVES: This study examined periarticular multimodal drug injection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for an early analgesic effect after total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Patient satisfaction and benefits from the treatment were also assessed. METHODS: A total of 110 patients who were scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty and 86 patients who were scheduled to undergo total hip arthroplasty were divided into two groups, the study group and the control group. The study group received a periarticular multimodal drug injection during surgery. The control group received an equal volume of normal saline. All patients received an analgesia pump and a moderate dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Resting and motion Numeric Rating Scale scores, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, knee or hip joint range of motion, length of postoperative hospital stay, patient satisfaction, total nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: Both study groups exhibited significant improvement in pain Numeric Rating Scale scores during rest and exercise several days after the surgery. The range of joint motion was greater in the study group, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group. Patients in the study group consumed fewer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reported greater satisfaction with surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative periarticular multimodal drug injection significantly relieved pain after surgery and reduced nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption. These patient had a better postoperative experience, including satisfaction and rehabilitation.